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Motor control by sensory cortex.
Classical studies of mammalian movement control define a prominent role for the primary motor cortex. Investigating the mouse whisker system, we found an additional and equally direct pathway for cortical motor control driven by the primary somatosensory cortex. Whereas activity in primary motor cortex directly evokes exploratory whisker protraction, primary somatosensory cortex directly drives whisker retraction, providing a rapid negative feedback signal for sensorimotor integration. Motor control by sensory cortex suggests the need to reevaluate the functional organization of cortical maps.
Science. 2010 Nov 26;330(6008):1240-3. Matyas F, Sreenivasan V, Marbach F, Wacongne C, Barsy B, Mateo C, Aronoff R, Petersen CC. Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
In our culture alcohol consumption has often been synonymous with being socially accepted. Somehow we have linked the ingestion of these liquids, which everyone knows contains toxic substances, to our desire to be socially connected. It has always been the baby boomers version of Facebook and Twitter. In fact, decades ago while serving as a young Army officer, it would have been considered an insult not to share a few “cold ones” with the men as a form of celebration. I’m not saying the Generation X and Y’ers are immune to becoming alcoholics. It seems to be a problem that transcends...
When looked at as a part of the theories of Sigmund Freud, the ego is part of a psychic apparatus, which also includes the id in the super-ego. Together the ego, id, and super-ego can be explained as personality, instinct, and critical self-awareness. However, for this article I'm going to regard the ego has been your personality and self-awareness.
Exploring the concept of ego can involve many competing philosophies. It would suffice at this point to regard the ego as a collection of values, beliefs, and attitudes. When I hear someone say that they do something or think a certain way as...
Why worry about the things that we can’t control? But we do. Our superior brain allows us to anticipate. This is often to our advantage as it allows us to plan ahead and adapt to what we think may happen. However, when our imagination is out of control, this same tool will cause us misery. At that point it often needlessly activates our fight-flight mechanism. This in turn makes us unhappy and can eventually damage our immune system.
Unlike others, people who excessively worry have learned this behavior over time. It could even have been caused by a family member or friend who...
